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Texas hold’em is a game of information availability – and when you go through a hold’em hand, regardless of whether it’s fixed-limit, pot-limit or no-limit hold’em, you need to be able to read the board and understand what it’s telling you. This is critically important.

The first step is to evaluate the composition of the board. This means working out what hand you hold based on your two hole cards and those on the board. But it’s also important that you connect the dots and have an awareness of what the best possible hand (the nuts) might be. Knowing what the nuts is on any given board is second nature to seasoned poker players, but it’s not always so obvious to beginners. Hopefully by the end of this lesson it will be.

Common Flop Textures

The object of the game is for a player or team of players to line up five chips in a row on the board to form a 'run'. The first player or team to create two runs wins! How to Play: A player begins his turn by rolling all five dice. The combination of the dice facing up is to be read like cards in a poker hand. What are the effective ways to “Read the Board” in poker? I have learned the game of T ex as Hold’em Poker is based on the availability of information. I must have the ability to quickly read the board and understand the community cards when I am playing in poker tournaments. Poker is a game of incomplete information.We fixate about the ranges, patterns, metagame.We're obsessed with finding out what's hidden to our eyes. Unfortunately, with that attitude, it's very easy to forget about the basics and miss something obvious, hidden in plain sight. Like the board texture. Your best 5-card poker hand in Texas Hold'em is made up of ANY combination of your hole cards and the ones on the board so if they have an ace in their hand plus one on the board, it's still a pair of aces. A duplicate card on the board that greatly devalues your hand. If you have a pair of 6's in your hand, and the board is ace-ace-7-4, and the river card is a 7, you've been 'counterfeited.' You had two pairs, but now the board has two better pairs. Any other player with a card higher than a 6 in his hand now beats your hand.

The flop is a defining moment in hold’em and can be made up of many different card combinations. Here are a few examples of common flop textures you will see when playing hold’em:

The Rainbow Flop

A rainbow flop means all three cards are of different suits. A rainbow flop means nobody can hold a flush without drawing on both the turn and the river, as the maximum number of suited cards a player could have at this point is three (two in the hole plus one on the board). If the turn is a card of the fourth suit, then a flush defintely won’t be possible.

The Flush Draw Flop

This flop has two cards of the same suit (spades), which means the maximum number of suited cards a player could have at this point is four. If a player has four suited cards then he’s said to be “on a flush draw”, and could have two opportunities for hitting a flush – on the turn or on the river.

The Suited Flop

If the flop contains three suited cards then someone could already have a made flush, with the two cards in their hand. These types of flops are very dangerous if you have hit part of it, but not the flush. Your hand is also under threat by players who might have just one spade in their hand and are drawing to a flush.

The Paired Flop

Whenever the board shows a pair, the possible hands available increases to include full houses and four of a kinds. Therefore you should immediately realize that your opponent’s could be holding these big hands.

There are many more types of flops, such as trip flops, straight flops, and so on. The important thing to remember is that you analyze the texture of the flop at all times. It’s free information and is available for all to see – so don’t ignore it. In fact, the texture of the flop should heavily influence how you play a hand.

Knowing Your Best Hand

In order to be properly prepared for playing poker it’s essential that you can read the board and work out your best possible hand. It’s easy to do, yet even experienced players make mistakes and mis-read boards from time to time.

Example #1

The best hand you can make here would for a full house.

Example #2

In this example you’re best hand is for a King-high flush.

Example #3

In this example your best hand is for a straight. You could use one of the 4′s in your hand but it doesn’t make any difference because you’re effectively “playing the board”.

The Nuts

The term “the nuts” means you have an unbeatable hand based on the board. When playing poker you should always think about what your opponents might have, so it’s important that you can read the board to work out what the nuts might be.

See if you can work out which starting hands would give the nuts in the following examples:

Example #1

This board doesn’t contain any pairs and only two suited cards. The best possible hand would be a straight, for anyone holding 10-7 (suited or unsuited). It would give a straight of 6789T. What would be the second best hole cards? That would be 7-5, giving a lower straight of 56789.

Example #2

The nuts on this board would be four of a kind since the board is paired. Anyone holding would have quads. What would be the second nut hand? Well since there are also a pair of 6’s on the board, anyone holding would have the second nuts.

Example #3

The board isn’t paired and there are only two suited cards, so we can discount a flush or better. A straight is also impossible since there are too many gaps to fill. The best hand here would be pocket Kings, giving a set. The second best would be pocket Jacks, for a lower set.

Understanding the Strength of Your Hand

Sometimes the board can render those two private cards that you’ve been dealt as absolutely priceless, or absolutely worthless, or somewhere in-between. You must learn to read the board and fully understand the relative strength of your hand and what potential opportunities or dangers lay ahead.

Let’s revisit the example hands we used earlier and determine how strong your hand really is.

Example #1

You have a full house, but you could be losing to players with the following hole cards: TT, JJ, JT, T3, T2, and 33. So while you have a full house, your hand is only the eighth best hand available. You still have a strong hand, but it’s by no means the nuts.

Example #2

You have a flush but you could be losing to any player who is holding the , or . Therefore you have the fourth best hand based on this board.

Example #3

You are “playing the board” which shows a straight. But you would lose to any players holding a single 8 for the higher straight. Any player with an 8 would be in very big trouble if someone else had 8-9 in the hole for the nut straight.

SWOT Analysis

In the business world it’s common to perform a SWOT analysis of a company, and SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Well, we can take this approach to poker too. Let’s look at some example starting hands and flops, and perform a SWOT analysis on them.

Example #1

• Strengths – You have flopped a set of 7’s, a very strong hand.
• Weaknesses – Well you don’t have the nuts, as this would be a player holding K-K, but you have the 2nd nuts – so there’s no real weakness at this stage.
• Opportunities – Your hand can still improve. Another 7 would give you quads, and a 5 or K on the turn or river would give a full house.
• Threats – The biggest threat to your hand is another club on the turn or river, which could make someone else a flush. While a King would give you a full house, it could also give someone else a bigger full house (i.e. if they were holding K-5 or K-7).

Example #2

• Strengths – You have flopped an open ended straight draw (5678), and a flush draw. Put simply, you’ve flopped a great drawing hand.
• Weaknesses – The weakness is that you need to hit. If the hand stopped here you have nothing but 8 high and would certainly be beaten.
• Opportunities – This hand offers great opportunities, and the best outcome would be to hit a 4 or 9 on the turn or river for the straight, as this would give you the nuts (if it isn’t a spade).
• Threats – While this hand gives a flush draw, it would be a low flush and therefore vulnerable to a higher flush. While a flush is better than a straight, the straight would place your hand in a stronger position. The lesson here is that you don’t always want the highest possible poker hand ranking for yourself, but to have one better than your opponents.

Example #3

• Strengths – It’s a rainbow flop and you have a pair of aces, the highest pair available.
• Weaknesses – Your kicker is weak. You could be losing to a lot of hands. Even though you hold suited cards, there is no possibility of hitting a flush.
• Opportunities – Another Ace would give you trips and another 5 would bring two pair.
• Threats – Due to the weak kicker this hand is always vulnerable and could get you into a lot of trouble. This is a prime example of why playing Ace-rag is not a good starting hand, because you never really know where you are.

From Nuts to Nowhere!

Let’s imagine you’re playing poker and the following happens:

What’s your hand at this point? Well, you have flopped the nuts with an Ace high straight. If you were to perform a SWOT analysis at this stage it would be very healthy. The only slight danger is the potential flush draw. Let’s imagine you bet and get called, and the turn brings:

You no longer have the nuts because the board is now paired. Let’s imagine you still believe you’re winning and you get to see the river card:

This is a terrible river card. Not only does the river bring another club, meaning a possible flush, it also double pairs the board. You’re now losing if any of your opponents have just a single Queen or Jack, or two clubs. You’d also be losing if someone held TT, let alone a pair of Jacks or Queens for quads.

Conclusion

The above hand example just goes to show how important it is to read the board and understand the strength of your own hand based on the information available to you. Remember that the more experience you have playing poker, the quicker and easier it will be to read the board and assess the relative strength of your hand.

Even experienced poker players make mistakes from time to time. As a beginner to poker you might mis-read the board every now and again – but it’s natural to make mistakes when you’re learning new skills. Just be aware of the texture of the flop at all times and use the information available to you – and use it wisely.

By Tim Ryerson

Tim is from London, England and has been playing poker since the late 1990’s. He is the ‘Editor-in-Chief’ at Pokerology.com and is responsible for all the content on the website.

I’m doing a series of companion articles to my most recent book, The Course: Serious Hold ’Em Strategy For Smart Players. It’s a step-by-step guide to mastering the live no-limit hold’em games that you will find in most cardrooms around the world.

Hand reading is the core skill of live no-limit hold’em play at the $2-$5 level and above. The more nuanced an understanding you have of your opponents’ hand ranges, the better you can target your actions to exploit them.

And at the core of hand reading is the study of board textures.

Before the flop, some players are tight and some are loose. But everyone tends to value the same sorts of hands. If you’re tight, you will play pocket pairs, and same if you are loose. If you are tight you will play big card hands like A-Q, and same if you are loose. If you are tight you will still sometimes play suited connectors like 7 6, and same if you are loose.

Of course loose players add hands like A-7 and J 6 and 9 8 that tight players tend not to play. Even so, everyone tends to have the same sorts of hands—loose players just have a few more. No one folds K-K but plays J-2, for instance.

This means that once the flop hits, you can count on your opponents to have the same sorts of hands in their ranges. Pocket pairs. Big cards. Suited hands. Connected hands.
This preflop predictability allows you to look at the board cards and draw inferences about the likelihoods your opponents hold different sorts of hands.

A superficial study of board texture can yield some obvious results. Everyone knows that a flop with three different suits allows no flush draws, while one with two of a suit does allow draws. A flop with a lot of connected cards makes straights and straight draws possible, while disjointed cards makes them impossible. And so on.

But there are more subtleties to board texture if you give the topic a deeper look. One area where seemingly small differences in board texture really matter is on partially disjoint boards.

Consider boards where the cards are separated by two, three, and four ranks. So, for example, compare Q-7-2 with Q-8-4 with Q-9-6. On the first flop, the board cards are separated by four ranks (jack through eight and six through trey). On the second flop, the board cards are separated by three ranks. And on the third flop, two ranks.

No straights are possible on any of the flops. But straight draws become significantly more common as you move from the four-gap flop to the two-gap flop.

On the first flop, zero straight draws are available. On the second flop, there are still no open-ended draws, but there are six gutshot straight draws: J-10, J-9, 10-9, 7-6, 7-5, and 6-5. For a tight preflop player, this represents 24 total hand combinations (four possible suits times the six possible ranks). A tight player might play 300 hand combinations preflop, so these gutshot draws represent eight percent of all hands a tight player might see a flop with. That might not sound like a lot, but if your continuation bet gets called by an extra eight percent of hands it shifts how often you are being called—and the median strength of the hands that are calling you—by quite a bit.

It’s much more dramatic an effect when you look at the two-gap flop. Now there are three open-ended draws: J-10, 8-7, and 10-8. And there are still six gutshots: K-J, K-10, J-8, 10-7, 8-5, 7-5. These draws therefore represent about 12 percent of all hands a tight player might see a flop with.

The practical upshot of this board texture insight is that if the flop is Q-7-2, you can continuation bet into two or even three opponents and expect to pick up the pot a reasonable percentage of the time. If you bet into Q-9-6, however, you won’t win immediately very often.

Wheel Boards

Many players look at small flop cards and ignore them as “rags.” If a flop comes Q-6-2, for example, they may think, “Either my opponents have got a queen or they’ve got nothing.”

Poker Board Game

But as I pointed out above, these cards are never irrelevant. It always matters how well-connected they are. Contrast Q-7-2 with Q-6-2 and Q-5-2. As I mentioned above, Q-7-2 offers no straight draws, so this is as close to a queen-or-bust flop as there is.

But Q-6-2 has a three-gap pair of cards, which means that three gutshots are available. You will tend to get called substantially more often on a Q-6-2 flop than on Q-7-2.

But when you have two wheel cards in the mix, the effect becomes stronger yet. Consider Q-5-2. Not only is there an open-ender with 4-3, but there are four gutshots: 6-4, 6-3, A-4, and A-3. Perhaps your opponents aren’t a big threat to hold 6-3, but they’re quite likely to hold A-4 and A-3. Furthermore, if you bet the flop and get called, and an ace hits the turn, there’s now a much better chance that your opponent paired the ace versus the Q-7-2 and Q-6-2 flops.

Not All Flush Draw Boards Are The Same

This is a small, but useful insight about flush draw boards. Compare A 9 5 with A 9 5. From the discussion above, you’ll recognize that these boards are both three-gap boards, and therefore they will afford a number of gutshot draws (though the 4-3, 4-2, and 3-2 draws will be unlikely for some opponents to hold.)

Each of these boards has a club flush draw possible, but if the 2 comes on the turn, will your opponents tend to have a flush more often on the first or second board?

They’ll actually tend to have the flush more often on the first board than on the second. The difference is the suit of the ace. Whenever a flush draw flops without using the ace of the suit, there are ten flush draws (out of the 55 total possible flush draw combinations available on any flush draw board) that use the ace. That is, A-K, A-Q, A-J, etc. Ace-suited is a hand even tight players will play preflop. So any time a flush draw flops and there’s no ace of the suit on board, A-x flush draws will be a substantial portion of all outstanding flush draws.

Wood Poker Table

When the ace of the suit is on the flop, obviously all of these A-x draws are impossible. Unless your opponent is loose enough to play any two suited cards at any time, the impossibility of A-x flush draws will tend to weight the balance of your opponents’ possible hands somewhat away from flush draws. That is, the percentage of all of their hands that are flush draws will be less on the A 9 5 board than on the A 9 5 board. And, therefore, when the 2 hits the turn, they will hold a flush less often on the first board than on the second. ♠

Ed’s newest book, The Course: Serious Hold ‘Em Strategy For Smart Players is available now at his website edmillerpoker.com. You can also find original articles and instructional videos by Ed at the training site redchippoker.com.